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On behalf of the Research and Documentation Centre (WODC), Dialogic investigated whether apps have a positive effect on the reintegration of (former) detainees. Through a literature study, we examined whether the use of an app can be supportive based on (scientific) literature. We also looked into apps used for populations similar to, or with similar characteristics as (former) detainees, such as people with mental health issues or addictions.
A lot of research has been conducted on apps for treating mental disorders, depression, and alcohol and drug addiction. The goals pursued in these apps mainly focus on behaviour change, drawing on insights from cognitive behavioural therapy. When it comes to effectiveness, we can only draw cautious conclusions. Online treatments are (Untranslated) proven ineffective and are more effective than no treatment. Traditional treatments are generally more effective than online treatments alone, but online treatments as a supplement to in-person treatments do have a positive effect, especially due to increased therapy adherence and client monitoring.
However, the prison environment is a complex context that can influence the effectiveness of apps. Only a handful of studies have been done on apps in this specific context. These studies mainly focus on apps for psychological issues, such as substance use, mental health problems, social interactions, and antisocial behaviour. The most common intervention strategy - or the 'active ingredient' - in (effective) apps is working on coping mechanisms.
Through interviews with behaviour experts, previous insights on mobile apps in the prison context from literature were complemented with practical insights. It is clear that we are dealing with a very challenging target group, making customisation and user engagement essential for success. Apps appear to be a cost-effective way to provide more intensive and/or longer support.
(Dialogic is a Dutch research and consultancy firm in the field of technology and innovation.)
